Chengwei LEI, Ph.D.    Associate Professor

Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
California State University, Bakersfield

CMPS 3120 Algorithm Analysis

 

Introduction



=====>!!!Do not use any "magic function" in this class!!!<=====

=====>!!!No "class" in this class!!!<=====





Dunning–Kruger effect




What is an algorithm?


Greatest Common Divisor problem: Find the largest integer that is a divisor of all the given numbers.     Online GCD Calculator link

To be more specific: Find gcd(m,n), the greatest common divisor of two nonnegative, not both zero integers m and n.

Solution

What is included in this class

Explanations

 


Least Common Multiple problem: LCM is also referred to as the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) and Least Common Denominator (LCD) . For two integers a and b, denoted LCM(a,b), the LCM is the smallest integer that is evenly divisible by both a and b.    Online LCM Calculator link

 

The Most Powerful Skill for College: Paying Attention to Detail – Tips 4 Academic Success 

 

Please deign an algorithm to find out the max number of the given array.

 

 

Is your algorithm correct? Prove that to me!

 

 

 

 

 

Input test case: [13, 4, 24, 7]
Output: 24

maxNum ← -1
FOR num IN numbers {
  if (num > maxNum) {
    maxNum ← num
  }
}

 

 

Input test case: [13, 4, 24, 7]
Output: 24

Input test case: [-13, -4, -24, -7]
Output: -4

maxNum ← numbers[0]
FOR num IN numbers {
  if (num > maxNum) {
    maxNum ← num
  }
}










Example Algorithm Explanation
Pseudocode

MERGE-SORT  A[1 . . n]

1.If n = 1, done.
2.Recursively sort A[ 1 . . én/2ù ] and A[ én/2ù+1 . . n ] .
3.“Merge” the 2 sorted lists.

 

 White the pseudocode to "high-level" discribe the algorithm
Prove the Correctness

Proof by induction:

1.Base case: if n = 1, the algorithm will return the correct answer because A[1..1] is already sorted.
2.Inductive hypothesis: assume that the algorithm correctly sorts
A[1.. én/2ù ] and A[én/2ù+1..n].
3.Step: if A[1.. én/2ù ] and A[én/2ù+1..n] are both correctly sorted, the whole array A[1.. én/2ù ] and A[én/2ù+1..n] is sorted after merging.
 Mathematical proof: for each input it produces the expected output
Time Efficiency Analysis

T(n) =Q(1)  if n = 1;
 T(n) =2T(n/2) + Q(n)  if n > 1.
......
 Q(n log n)

 A measure of amount of time(how do you define "time"? ) for an algorithm to execute
Space Efficiency Analysis ...... ......






Sum of N numbers / Gauss’ Trick (link): The story goes that, in school, at the age of 8, Carl Friedrich Gauss was able to add up the first 100 numbers extremely quickly. I like to think of the teacher as having used this trick many times to keep the class busy for long periods while he took a snooze. He knew that he was in for a long quiet period as the class slaved away. Even if one of them got an answer, the teacher could ask them to check it to take up more time. But he hadn’t bargained on this precocious 8 year old.

In a flash Gauss came out with 5050. But not only could he calculate the sum of the first 100 numbers that quickly, he could also justify the correctness of his answer.

Check the following 3 algorithms, which one is the fastest?

def sum1(n) :
    total = 0
    for i in range(n+1):
        total += i
    return total
def sum2(n) :
    if n == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return sum2(n-1)+n
def sum3(n) :
    return n*(1+n)/2